12. Introduction to World Geography

12.1 Geographical Features of the World
12.2 Earth’s Structure and Movements (Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, Volcanoes)
12.3 Rocks and Minerals
12.4 Latitude, Longitude, Time Zones, and International Date Line
12.5 Major Geographical Landforms of the World (Mountains, Plateaus, Plains)

13. Climate and Weather Systems

13.1 Factors Influencing World Climate
13.2 Types of Climates and Climatic Zones
13.3 World Monsoon Systems
13.4 Global Wind Systems (Trade Winds, Westerlies, Polar Winds)
13.5 Jet Streams and Weather Phenomena (Cyclones, Anticyclones)

14. Oceans and Hydrosphere

14.1 Ocean Currents and Their Impact on Climate
14.2 Major Oceans and Seas of the World
14.3 Oceanic Resources and Their Economic Importance
14.4 Marine Ecosystems and Coral Reefs
14.5 Tides and Waves: Causes and Effects

15. Biogeography and Ecosystems

15.1 World’s Major Biomes (Tropical Rainforests, Deserts, Tundra, Grasslands)
15.2 Ecosystem Functions and Biodiversity
15.3 Forest Cover and Deforestation
15.4 World Wildlife Conservation Efforts
15.5 Global Environmental Concerns (Climate Change, Global Warming)

16. World Population and Human Geography

16.1 World Population Distribution and Density
16.2 Factors Influencing Population Growth
16.3 Migration Patterns and Causes
16.4 Urbanization and Global Cities
16.5 Population Policies: Case Studies from Different Countries

17. Economic Geography of the World

17.1 Major Industrial Regions of the World
17.2 Agriculture: Types and Distribution Worldwide
17.3 Global Energy Resources: Conventional and Renewable
17.4 World Trade and Globalization
17.5 Major Economic Organizations (WTO, IMF, World Bank)

18. Political Geography and Geopolitics

18.1 Geopolitical Theories (Heartland Theory, Rimland Theory)
18.2 Boundaries and Disputes (Territorial Conflicts, Resource Conflicts)
18.3 Global Power Shifts: Emerging Powers and Alliances
18.4 Political Geography of the World’s Regions (Asia, Europe, Africa, Americas)

19. Maps and Diagrams for World Geography

19.1 Major Rivers, Mountains, and Deserts of the World
19.2 World Climatic and Agricultural Zones
19.3 International Borders and Geopolitical Hotspots
19.4 Global Industrial and Economic Regions
19.5 Oceans, Seas, and Major Straits

Part III: Practice and Appendices

20. Practice Questions and Model Answers

20.1 Objective Type Questions (MCQs) for Prelims
20.2 Subjective Questions for Mains
20.3 Map-Based Questions
20.4 Previous Year Questions Analysis (Prelims & Mains)

21. Appendices

21.1 Important Geographical Terms and Definitions
21.2 Global Environmental Agreements and Summits
21.3 References and Suggested Readings.