History

Geography

Polity

Environment

Economy

Science

socioloy

World Affairs

International Organizations

International Relations

Mains Syllabus Topic wise

GS1

 

  • Modern Indian history, significant events, and personalities.
  • The Freedom Struggle, various stages and important contributions.
  • Post-independence consolidation and reorganization.
  • World history (events, forms of government, industrial revolution, world wars, etc.).
  • Indian society (diversity, issues related to poverty, development, population, urbanization, etc.).
  • Geographical features, climate, and natural resources of India and the world.
GS 2

  Polity, Social Justice, and International Relations

  • Indian Constitution (historical underpinnings, amendments, features).
  • Functions of Parliament and State Legislatures, structure of government.
  • Federal structure, devolution of powers.
  • Separation of powers, dispute resolution mechanisms.
  • Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with other countries.
  • Government policies and interventions for development.
  • Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections, issues in governance.
  •  
GS 3

  • Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment,

  • Security, and Disaster Management

  • Indian Economy (planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development).
  • Infrastructure, investment models.
  • Science and technology (developments and applications).
  • Conservation, environmental degradation, and climate change.
  • Disaster management and preparedness.
GS 4

Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude

  • Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants, and consequences of ethics in governance.
  • Emotional intelligence, contributions of moral thinkers.
  • Public/Civil service values, ethical concerns and dilemmas in government.
  • Probity in governance, challenges of corruption.
  • Case studies on the above issues.
Essay
  • Philosophical topics: Reflections on life, ethics, morality, and human nature.
  • Socio-political issues: Democracy, governance, rights and duties, public policy, etc.
  • Economic themes: Development, poverty, inequality, and global economic trends.
  • Environmental concerns: Sustainability, climate change, and resource management.
  • Scientific and technological advancements: Innovations, their impact on society, and ethical dimensions.
Optional

Some popular optional subjects include:

  • Anthropology
  • Geography
  • History
  • Political Science
  • Public Administration
  • Sociology
  • Literature (in any language)
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Yes, we offer full-length UPSC mock tests for both Prelims and Mains, designed to simulate the actual exam environment and help students assess their preparation.

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